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Incidence & prevalence
The average age at onset of the disorder is 30–40 years, though NMOSD can affect people at any age, with 20% of cases observed in children and in adults over the age of 65 years.3,7

Among aquaporin-4 immunoglobulin G (AQP4‑IgG) seropositive patients with NMOSD, females are affected more frequently – accounting for around 90% of cases – whereas an equal sex distribution is observed among AQP4‑IgG seronegative patients.3
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AQP4, aquaporin-4; IgG, immunoglobulin G; NMOSD, neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder.
Papp V, et al. Worldwide incidence and prevalence of neuromyelitis optica. Neurology. 2021,96(2)59–77. Hor JY, et al. Epidemiology of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder and its prevalence and incidence worldwide. Front Neurol. 2020;26(11):501. Wingerchuck DM, Lucchinetti CF. Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder. N Engl J Med. 2022;387(7):631-639. Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder. National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD). Available from: https://rarediseases.org/rare-diseases/neuromyelitis-optica/ . Last accessed: April 2023. Mealy MA, et al. Mortality in neuromyelitis optica is strongly associated with African ancestry. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm. 2018;5(4):e468. Huda S, et al. Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders. Clinical Medicine. 2019;19(2):169–176. Holroyd KB, Manzano GS, Levy M. Update on neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder. Curr Opin Ophthalmol. 2020;31(6):462–468. advance I am a healthcare professional registered in the EU I am not a
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